Not Normal
Normality should never be an aspiration
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Welcome to the Sociology of Business. If you are not subscribed, join the community by subscribing below and joining the Sociology of Business Discord. You can find my book, The Business of Aspiration on Amazon and you can find me on Instagram and Twitter. For those new here, in my last analysis, Introverted, I looked into how our world is extroverted by design, and what are some of the winning scenarios for those who are made differently.
There is no such a thing as “normal.”
Normal is defined as “conforming to a standard; usual, typical, or expected.” Normal is very close to the “norm,” which refers to what is common or frequent. Related to them is “normative,” which refers to a morally-endorsed ideal.
It’s easy to confuse normal with norm and normative.
For example, working long hours in physical offices was considered not only normal, but normative. It supported an economic operating model that prioritizes open office space in the name of cost-cutting, not based on how humans work best. When something is normative, it’s aspirational. It is also ideological. Venkatesh Rao writes, “if you work a 9-5 job, and contribute to a retirement plan, you help simulate an industrial ideology.”
It is also considered normal that US hospitals run as corporations. This is actually a norm: a most common way of doing things right now. Back at the end of the 19th century, US hospitals were run as charitable institutions, focused on health care and care for the poor. They were funded by donations by religious organizations and the wealthy.
There are more men called David and Steve than women and ethic minorities among the chief executives of Fortune 100 companies. City streets were “designed by cars while we weren’t looking.”
“Normal” is a habit. It’s the way that we - as societies, economies, and as individuals - are used to doing things. Our habits gave us staggering income inequality, inaccessible healthcare, and unsustainable growth. It also gave us the climate crisis and “disaster capitalism.”
Here are (at least) four things that we need to stop viewing as normal:
Growth. GDP growth does not enhance life satisfaction, alleviate poverty, or protect the environment. But we still seem to come short of a viable alternative to financially stable non-growth economy (the closest we came are calls for “green growth.”) The solution seems to be as normative as it is systemic: abandon GDP as a measure of economic progress and/or supplement it with additional indicators, such as carbon emissions, robustness of the healthcare system and infrastructure, education, and life expectancy. The growth imperative deformed industries as well, starting with global sourcing model and product-driven value chains. The lean and overextended supply chains worked great - and yielded huge surpluses -until they didn’t. Alternatives are on-shoring production and increased self-sufficiency of companies in terms of their reliance on locally sourced materials and talent.
Individualism. Most of our institutions are built for, and around, individuals, with narratives and ideologies of individual freedom and competition to match. But humans are not only individuals, they also belong to communities and are members of a society. Their behaviors are shaped by those around them and by collective symbols and stories. The new social and economic targets are a community and a society, not an individual: “jobs to be done” not just on the level of an individual, but in terms of their social and economic network.
Short-termism. “Hyperbolic discounting” is a behavioral economics term that describes human tendency to overemphasize short-term risks and rewards versus long-term ones. Psychologically, we are not primed to think in terms of abstract threats and long time horizons. Sociologically and economically, we can get used to it. Design for re-use that has gained traction in apparel and fashion, interior design, transportation, and industrial packaging forces a timeline where results are counted in decades and through secondary effects of our choices. All around us there are reminders of wide-reaching and long-lasting consequences of our actions for our environment and for our communities. We need more of them.
Specialization. Supply chains are effective until they are not. Based on what we’ve seen last Fall, they are simply not designed for failure. Most of our social and economic systems operate according to the same logic of industrial optimization. This logic requires splitting up production, creation, and distribution into ever-more minutiae tasks that can be improved on repeat. With this narrow focus, it’s hard to consider the cascade of consequences of any single action (be it in production, consumption, education or governance) and how these actions connect producers with consumers, with the infrastructure, the public policy, and with the environment. The culture of individualism and the economy of efficiency created the world of specialists.
Our perception of what is normal is a social and political process. How different this perception will be once the immediate health crisis is over depends on what we pay attention to, and what (and who) we choose to ignore.
The other week, I spoke with Business of Fashion’s Lauren Sherman and Cathaleen Chen about Shein’s market advantages and how to counteract them (and if that’s even possible). Watch our conversation below:
Love this — especially the GDP example. It's like when government officials point to the stock market as proof of an economic upswing. The stock market is NOT "the economy."